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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) - Albania (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) z Albania (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)Albania (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsAlbania
Administrative divisions - 12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Qarku i Beratit, Qarku i Dibres, Qarku i Durresit, Qarku i Elbasanit, Qarku i Fierit, Qarku i Gjirokastres, Qarku i Korces, Qarku i Kukesit, Qarku i Lezhes, Qarku i Shkodres, Qarku i Tiranes, Qarku i Vlores
Age structure - 0-14 years: 28.8% (male 528,678; female 493,531)


15-64 years: 64% (male 1,094,034; female 1,175,024)


65 years and over: 7.2% (male 111,524; female 142,050) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy products
Airports - 11 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 8


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 28,748 sq km


land: 27,398 sq km


water: 1,350 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Maryland
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. In 1990 Albania ended 44 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as corrupt governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, a dilapidated infrastructure, widespread gangsterism, and disruptive political opponents. International observers judged local elections in 2001 to be acceptable and a step toward democratic development, but identified serious deficiencies which should be addressed through reforms in the Albanian electoral code.
Birth rate - 18.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $697 million


expenditures: $1.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $368 million (2002 est.)
Capital - Tirana
Climate tropical mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter
Coastline 74.1 km 362 km
Constitution - a constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted the vote
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of Albania


conventional short form: Albania


local long form: Republika e Shqiperise


local short form: Shqiperia


former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Currency - lek (ALL)
Death rate - 6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $784 million (2000)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador James F. JEFFREY


embassy: Rruga Elbasanit, Labinoti #103, Tirana


mailing address: U. S. Department of State, 9510 Tirana Place, Washington, DC 20521-9510


telephone: [355] (4) 247285


FAX: [355] (4) 232222
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Fatos TARIFA


chancery: 2100 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 223-4942


FAX: [1] (202) 628-7342
Disputes - international - the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders in the Kosovo region of Serbia and Montenegro and in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia while continuing to seek regional cooperation; many Albanians illegally transit neighboring states to emigrate to western Europe
Economic aid - recipient - ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity Poor and backward by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more modern open-market economy. The government has taken measures to curb violent crime and to revive economic activity and trade. The economy is bolstered by remittances from abroad of $400-$600 million annually, mostly from Greece and Italy. Agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, is held back because of frequent drought and the need to modernize equipment and consolidate small plots of land. Severe energy shortages are forcing small firms out of business, increasing unemployment, scaring off foreign investors, and spurring inflation. The government plans to boost energy imports to relieve the shortages.
Electricity - consumption - 5.378 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 100 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 1.072 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 4.738 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 3%


hydro: 97%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m


highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Gypsy, Serb, and Bulgarian) (1989 est.)


note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)
Exchange rates - leke per US dollar - 140.16 (November 2001), 143.71 (2000) 137.69 (1999), 150.63 (1998), 148.93 (1997); note - leke is the plural of lek
Executive branch - chief of state: President of the Republic Alfred MOISIU (since 24 July 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Fatos NANO (since 31 July 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and approved by the president


elections: president elected by the People's Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 24 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Alfred MOISIU elected president; People's Assembly vote by number - total votes 116, for 97, against 19
Exports - $340 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities - textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco
Exports - partners - Italy 71%, Greece 12%, Germany 7%, Yugoslavia 3% (2001)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used red with a black two-headed eagle in the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $14 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 49%


industry: 27%


services: 24% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $4,500 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 41 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways - total: 18,000 km


paved: 5,400 km


unpaved: 12,600 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens
Imports - $1.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals
Imports - partners - Italy 32%, Greece 26%, Turkey 6%, Germany 6%, Bulgaria 2% (2001)
Independence - 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate - 9% (2000 est.)
Industries - food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower
Infant mortality rate - 38.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 6% (2002 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 10 (2001)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 3,400 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term)
Labor force - 1.283 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 50%, industry and services 50%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 720 km


border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)		 arable land: 21.09%


permanent crops: 4.45%


other: 74.46% (1998 est.)
Languages - Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (140 seats; 100 are elected by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote for four-year terms)


elections: last held 24 June with subsequent rounds on 8 July, 22 July, 29 July, 19 August 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PS 41.5%, PD and coalition allies 36.8%, NDP 5.2%, PSD 3.6%, PBDNJ 2.6%, PASH 2.6%, PAD 2.5%; seats by party - PS 73, PD and coalition allies 46, NDP 6, PSD 4, PBDNJ 3, PASH 3, PAD 3, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 72.1 years


male: 69.27 years


female: 75.14 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 9 and over can read and write


total population: 93% (1997 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 12 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,423 GRT/20,837 DWT


ships by type: cargo 7, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 1, Honduras 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $56.5 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.49% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 888,086 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 727,406 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 35,792 (2002 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 28 November (1912)
Nationality - noun: Albanian(s)


adjective: Albanian
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought
Natural resources fish petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel, hydropower
Net migration rate - -1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Pipelines - crude oil 196 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1996)
Political parties and leaders - Agrarian Party or PASH [Lufter XHUVELI]; Albanian National Front (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Shptim ROQI]; Albanian Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Albanian Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albania Workers Party) [Fatos NANO, chairman]; Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Zef BUSHATI]; Democratic Alliance or PAD [Nerltan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Group of Reformist Democrats [Leonard NDOKA]; Legality Movement Party or PLL [Ekrem SPAHIA]; Liberal Union Party or PBL [Teodor LACO]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Genc POLLO]; OMONIA [Vagjelis DULES]; Party of National Unity or PUK [Idajet BEQUIRI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Unity for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vasil MELO, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh waster at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 3,544,841 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - 30% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate - 1.06% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore
Radio broadcast stations - AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 2 (2001)
Radios - 1 million (2001)
Railways - total: 447 km


standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions - Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%


note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system - general assessment: Albania has the poorest telephone service in Europe with fewer than two telephones per 100 inhabitants; it is doubtful that every village has telephone service


domestic: obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for every village; in 1992, following the fall of the Communist government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used it to build fences


international: inadequate; international traffic carried by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece
Telephones - main lines in use - 120,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 250,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (plus 58 repeaters) (2001)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
Total fertility rate - 2.27 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - 17% officially (2001 est.); may be as high as 30% (2001)
Waterways none 43 km


note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)
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